Helms-Burton Act: the European Union's reaction
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Abstract
The full implementation of Title III has originated a new scenario from an international law perspective that has received legislative response by certain OEDC countries (Canada, Mexico and the member states of the European Union). The purpose of this paper is to analyse the effectivity of the measures adopted by the European Union and, in particular, by the Kingdom of Spain to protect its nationals vis-a-vis the extraterritorial effects of the Helms-Burton Act. To this end the specific regulation to counteract the effects of the Helms-Burton Act (i.e. Regulation (EU) nº 2271/96 and Hague Convention of 1965), as well as their impact on judicial decisions by US courts that currently handle claims pursuant to Title III of the Helms-Burton Act, have been analysed. Both Regulation 2271/1996 and Hague Convention of 1965 have shown that they are effective instruments to counteract or mitigate the adverse effects of said claims.
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References
MUSE, Robert L., “A Public International Law critique of the Extraterritorial Jurisdiction of the Helms-Burton Act (Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity (Libertad) Act of 1996”, The George Washington Journal of International Law and Economics, No. 207, 1996, pp. 241-242.
DEPARTMENT OF STATE, National Security Presidential Memorandum NSPM–5 “Strengthening the Policy of the United States Toward Cuba”, issued by the President on June 16, 2017, disponible en https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2017/10/20/2017-22928/strengthening-the-policy-of-the-united-states-toward-cuba [consultado el 19 de noviembre de 2023].
Fuentes legales
Convenio de 15 de noviembre de 1965 sobre la Notificación o Traslado en el Extranjero de Documentos Judiciales y Extrajudiciales en Materia Civil o Comercial, disponible en https://www.hcch.net/es/instruments/conventions/full-text/?cid=17
Reglamento (CE) No. 2271/96 del Consejo de 22 de noviembre de 1996, relativo a la protección contra los efectos de la aplicación extraterritorial de la legislación adoptada por un tercer país, y contra las acciones basadas en ella o derivadas de ella, disponible en https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ES/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:01996R2271-20180807
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