Bostock: un caso de discriminación laboral

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Riccardo Guastini
Alessio Sardo

Resumen

En sentido estricto, Bostock no es un caso constitucional. Más bien, es un caso de derecho laboral: más concretamente, un despido discriminatorio. Neil Gorsuch, que escribe para la mayoría de la Corte Roberts, limita la cuestión a la interpretación de la Ley de Derechos Civiles (1964), sin desarrollar un verdadero “argumento constitucional”. Desde la perspectiva del razonamiento jurídico, Bostock es una decisión originalista. Tanto la opinión mayoritaria como las opiniones discrepantes de Samuel Alito y Brett Kavanaugh son intentos de reconstruir y aplicar el significado original de la locución “por razón de sexo”. En esta decisión se entrecruzan varias formas de originalismo: hay un choque entre la doctrina textualista, por un lado, y la doctrina del significado público combinada con argumentos basados en la intención, por el otro. Pero, en realidad, el textualismo de la opinión mayoritaria parece “disfrazar” una interpretación dinámica y evolutiva que actualiza el sentido original de la Ley de Derechos Civiles, para incluir la orientación sexual en la protección contra las discriminaciones por razón de sexo. Combinada con otras decisiones recientes, Bostock parece formar parte de una estrategia más amplia de la Corte Roberts, orientada a la sistematización de la ley federal en el ámbito de la discriminación laboral.

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